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Windows XP, or OS/2. Windows 3.1: Use Microsoft's SMARTDrive or other disk cache program. I SUGGEST THAT YOU USE LISTMODE DATA FILES WITH 8.3 FORMAT FILE NAMES. How to Start WinMDI 2.8 To start WinMDI just click on the WinMDI icon on the desktop, or use Start Programs WinMDI WinMDI.exe. The following screen is displayed. Windows 7.; 2 minutes to read; In this article In this section. Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 Application Quality Cookbook; Windows 7 Developer Guide; Hilo: Developing C Applications for Windows 7; Platform Update for Windows Vista.

A multiple-document interface (MDI) is a graphical user interface in which multiple windows reside under a single parent window. Such systems often allow child windows to embed other windows inside them as well, creating complex nested hierarchies. This contrasts with single-document interfaces (SDI) where all windows are independent of each other.

Comparison with single-document interface[edit]

In the usability community, there has been much debate about whether the multiple-document or single-document interface is preferable. Software companies have used both interfaces with mixed responses. For example, Microsoft changed its Office applications from SDI to MDI mode and then back to SDI, although the degree of implementation varies from one component to another. SDI can be more useful in cases where users switch more often between separate applications than among the windows of one application.

MDI can be confusing if it has a lack of information about the currently opened windows. In MDI applications, the application developer must provide a way to switch between documents or view a list of open windows, and the user might have to use an application-specific menu ('window list' or something similar) to switch between open documents. This is different from SDI applications where the window manager's task bar or task manager displays the currently opened windows. In recent years it has become increasingly common for MDI applications to use 'tabs' to display the currently opened windows. An interface in which tabs are used to manage open documents is referred to as a 'tabbed document interface' (TDI). Another option is 'tiled' panes or windows, which make it easier to prevent content from overlapping.

Some applications allow the user to switch between these modes at their choosing, depending on personal preference or the task at hand.

Nearly all graphical user interface toolkits to date provide at least one solution for designing MDIs. A notable exception was Apple's Cocoa API until the advent of tabbed window groups in MacOS High Sierra. The Java GUI toolkit, Swing, for instance, provides the class javax.swing.JDesktopPane which serves as a container for individual frames (class javax.swing.JInternalFrame). GTK lacks any standardized support for MDI.

Advantages[edit]

• With multiple-document interfaces (and also tabbed document interfaces), a single menu bar and/or toolbar is shared between all child windows, reducing clutter and increasing efficient use of screen space. This argument is less relevant on an operating system which uses a common menu bar.
• An application's child windows can be hidden/shown/minimized/maximized as a whole.
• Features such as 'Tile' and 'Cascade' can be implemented for the child windows.
• Authors of cross-platform applications can provide their users with consistent application behaviour between platforms.
• If the windowing environment and OS lack good window management, the application author can implement it themselves.
• Modularity: An advanced window manager can be upgraded independently of the applications.

Disadvantages[edit]

• Without an MDI frame window, floating toolbars from one application can clutter the workspace of other applications, potentially confusing users with the jumble of interfaces.
• Can be tricky to implement on desktops using multiple monitors as the parent window may need to span two or more monitors, hiding sections.
• Virtual desktops cannot be spanned by children of the MDI. However, in some cases, this is solveable by initiating another parent window; this is the case in Opera and Chrome, for example, which allows tabs/child windows to be dragged outside of the parent window to start their own parent window. In other cases, each child window is also a parent window, forming a new, 'virtual' MDI [1].
• MDI can make it more difficult to work with several applications at once, by restricting the ways in which windows from multiple applications can be arranged together without obscuring each other.
• The shared menu might change, which may cause confusion to some users.
• MDI child windows behave differently from those in single document interface applications, requiring users to learn two subtly different windowing concepts. Similarly, the MDI parent window behaves like the desktop in many respects, but has enough differences to confuse some users.
• Deeply nested, branching hierarchies of child windows can be confusing.
• Many window managers have built-in support for manipulating groups of separate windows, which is typically more flexible than MDI in that windows can be grouped and ungrouped arbitrarily. A typical policy is to group automatically windows that belong to the same application. This arguably makes MDI redundant by providing a solution to the same problem.
• Controls and hotkeys learned for the MDI application may not apply to others, whereas with an advanced Window Manager, more behavior and user preference settings are shared across client applications on the same system

Application examples[edit]

• Adobe Acrobat: MDI until version 7.0 (Windows-only); SDI default in 8.0 (configurable to MDI); SDI only in 9.0; MDI (with a tabbed interface) in version 2015.
• Corel Wordperfect: MDI. A user can open multiple instances of WP with a single document in each, if they have multiple versions of WordPerfect installed on their computer. Recent versions maintain a list of open documents for a given window on the status bar at the bottom of the window, providing a variant of the TDI.
• EmEditor: Options for either SDI or MDI.
• GIMP: SDI with floating windows (MDI is available as an option called 'Single-Window Mode' since version 2.8 [2]).
• GIMPshop: A fork of GIMP aiming to be more like Adobe Photoshop. The Windows version has limited MDI.[3]
• Chrome: Combination of MDI and TDI.
• Internet Explorer 6: a typical SDI application
• KWrite: Another text editor designed for the KDE Software Compilation, with a simplified SDI but sharing many of Kate's features via a mutual back end
• Kate: Text editor designed for the KDE Software Compilation, with advanced features and a sophisticated MDI
• Macromedia Studio for Windows: a hybrid interface; TDI unless document windows are un-maximized. (They are maximized by default.)
• Microsoft Excel 2003: SDI if you start new instances of the application, but MDI if you click the 'File ? New' menu (but child windows optionally appear on the OS taskbar). SDI only as of 2013.
• Microsoft Word 2003: MDI until Microsoft Office 97. After 2000, Word has a Multiple Top-Level Windows Interface, thus exposing to shell individual SDI instances, while the operating system recognizes it as a single instance of an MDI application. In Word 2000, this was the only interface available, but 2002 and later offer MDI as an option. Microsoft Foundation Classes (which Office is loosely based on) supports this metaphor since version 7.0, as a new feature in Visual Studio 2002. SDI only as of 2013.
• Firefox: TDI by default, can be SDI
• Notepad++, PSPad, TextMate and many other text editors: TDI
• Opera: Combination of MDI and TDI (a true MDI interface with a tab bar for quick access).
• Paint.NET: Thumbnail-based, TDI
• UltraEdit: Combination of MDI and TDI (a true MDI interface with a tab bar for quick access).
• VEDIT: Combination of MDI and TDI (a true MDI interface with a tab bar for quick access). Special 'Full size' windows act like maximized windows, but allow smaller overlapping windows to be used at the same time. Multiple instances of Vedit can be started, which allows it to be used like an SDI application.
• Visual Studio .NET: MDI or TDI with 'Window' menu, but not both
• Visual Studio 6 development environment: a typical modern MDI
• mIRC: MDI by default, can also work on SDI mode
• Adobe Photoshop: MDI under MS Windows. In newer versions, toolbars can move outside the frame window. Child windows can be outside the frame unless they are minimized or maximized.

IDE-style interface[edit]

Graphical computer applications with an IDE-style interface (IDE) are those whose child windows reside under a single parent window (usually with the exception of modal windows). An IDE-style interface is distinguishable from the Multiple Document Interface (MDI), because all child windows in an IDE-style interface are enhanced with added functionality not ordinarily available in MDI applications. Because of this, IDE-style applications can be considered a functional superset and descendant of MDI applications.

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Examples of enhanced child-window functionality include:

• Dockable child windows
• Collapsible child windows
• Tabbed document interface for sub-panes
• Independent sub-panes of the parent window
• GUI splitters to resize sub-panes of the parent window
• Persistence for window arrangements

Collapsible child windows[edit]

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A common convention for child windows in IDE-style applications is the ability to collapse child windows, either when inactive, or when specified by the user. Child windows that are collapsed will conform to one of the four outer boundaries of the parent window, with some kind of label or indicator that allows them to be expanded again.

Tabbed document interface for sub-panes[edit]

In contrast to (MDI) applications, which ordinarily allow a single tabbed interface for the parent window, applications with an IDE-style interface allow tabs for organizing one or more subpanes of the parent window.

IDE-style application examples[edit]

• Microsoft Excel when in MDI mode (see above).

Macintosh[edit]

Mac OS and its GUI are document-centric instead of window-centric or application-centric. Every document window is an object with which the user can work. The menu bar changes to reflect whatever application the front window belongs to. Application windows can be hidden and manipulated as a group, and the user may switch between applications (i.e., groups of windows) or between individual windows, automatically hiding palettes, and most programs will stay running even with no open windows. Indeed, prior to Mac OS X, it was purposely impossible to interleave windows from multiple applications.

In spite of this, some unusual applications breaking the human interface guidelines (most notably Photoshop) do exhibit different behavior.

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

• Interface Hall of Shame arguments against MDI
• MDI forms using C# MDI forms in .net using C# and Visual Studio 2010 Express

How to Fix General Protection Fault in module WIN87EM.DLL while running Windows 7 in VMWare

Recently ran into an issue with a Windows 7 32-bit VM running in VMware Fusion on Mac OSX 10.9 (Mavericks) when running a Point of Sale application would receive a Application has caused a general protection fault in module WIN87EM.DLL. Starting doing some digging and found this thread discussing the issue at http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/e0922437-0dc7-4091-a8f7-fadc7fb5bbb5/general-protection-fault-in-module-win87emdll-while-running-windows-xp-mode?forum=w7itprovirt.

Basically the issue is that when you try to run a legacy 16-bit application in Windows XP and above you will receive the GPF (General Protection Fault).

The Windows 80×87 emulator library, WIN87EM.DLL, works at the 16-bit-Windows level to virtualize the coprocessor among multiple Windows-based applications that run inside the system VM.

It appears to me that, with the Virtual Machine using a Virtualized Processor (not related to the above reference to “virtualized coprocessor”) as opposed to an emulated processor, the Virtual Math Coprocessor Device (VMCPD) and/or WIN87EM.DLL generate an error from the virtualized processor.

So how do we fix it. Simple enough you just have to to “hiding” the math coprocessor from the Virtual Machine, so it doesn’t go to the processor. This apparently can be achieved by using a program called WinFloat which includes a tool called HIDE87, which is suppose to hide the math coprocessor from the kernel.

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Lucky for us you can download winfloat from http://www.conradshome.com/win31/archive/.

• Click on winfloat.exe to download to a directory. Once downloaded double-click to extract the files.
• Copy HIDE87.com to c:windowssystem32 directory
• Add lh c:windowssystem32HIDE87.com as the first line to the c:windowssystem32autoexec.nt file.
• Reboot virtual machine

The error should now be gone. This will work with virtual machines running on Virtualbox and VMWare.

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1. hello !
   i cannot find the file “HIDE87.com”, after extraction process

2. Good morning,

   I don’t understand this line. Can you explain?

   Add to lh c:windowssystem32autoexec.nt file for the first line:

3. Thanks for your steps. My issue was not with a VM whatsoever so these steps can also be used for win87em.dll exceptions running natively in win7 x86.

4. Thanks for the help. It worked successfully.
   🙂

5. How To Fix Win87em.dll – STEPS

   1. Download winfloat.exe from http://www.conradshome.com/win31/archive/

   2. Open winfloat.exe with 7zip. Find HIDE87.com and extract it to desktop.

   3. Copy HIDE87.com to C:WindowsSystem32

   4. Open c:windowssystem32autoexec.nt with notepad

   5. At top of file, after first group of comments add the following

   lh %SystemRoot%system32HIDE87.com

   6. Add a comment above your last line

   REM Fix for Gen. Protection Fault in win87em.dll

   7. Save changes to autoexec.nt and reboot pc.

   • it doesn’t work

6. Really thank you, you saved my day

7. That saved my day! Thank you!!!

8. Excellent solution!
   Thank you so much for help us saving 20000USD !

9. Bless you.

10. That was a really easy fix. Thank you for sharing!

11. I am so grateful for this thread! Thank you!!! I am just curious if anyone else is encountering dramatically slower responses after going through this process. The CAD program 16 bit that we have to run on an XP virtual machine is now lagging big time for each operation. Just wondering if there is a way around that.

12. I downloaded the winfloat.exe file from conradshome.com/win31/archive with no problems but their is not a HIDE87.com file.
    Their is HIDE87.ASM,HIDE87 MS DOS Appl, HIDE87.OBJ and HIDE87.MAK files. Which one should I use.
    Thanks

13. Thank you. Worked perfectly.

14. Friends
    WE had the same problem using virtualBox
    so, we only uncheck in
    Configuration, system, Procesor: PAE/NX
    and fix the problem running old applications

15. Tried this for the game “Welcome to the Future” it loads up, but as soon as you move your head left or right, there is a divide by zero error. This is certainly not meant to be run on modern machines. I wonder if using a real 32 bit windows 10 installation would fix it?

16. the software I use requires a math processor. after I apply the changes the software cannot open. if there is another solution>_< thx

17. Could any one help me to fix general protection fault in module WIN 1340.EXT at 006C:58E7.

18. Thank you, its worked.

19. hide87.com will force software emulation of x87 instructions. It’s fine as long as the actual 16-bit program uses little floating point arithmetic. If not, probably a better solution would be masking SSE and FXSAVE from the guest VM.

20. Thanks !!!
    It works fine on windows XP VMware Virtual Machine

21. Made short, my story is this: my game worked fine up to Windows XP included. On Windows 7 is my problem: whatever I type on “autoexec.nt”, the system asks me if I wanna save it, click “save”, it tells me “the autoexec.nt already exists, do I want to replace it?” I click “yes” and the answer is always “ACCESS IS DENIED”. Will you please tell me what should I do in this case ? The system doesn’t want to let me try any modifications !!! Thank you for your answer.

22. Hello,
    the server for “winfloat.exe” seems to be done.

    Can somebody help me to get this .exe?

    • Hi Marten. I managed to download the file from: http://www.gosoftware.com.au/download/winfloat.exe

      I got the link from this document: http://www.gosoftware.com.au/support/win87em_dll_error.pdf

      It was the only copy of the file I was able to find after an hour of google. It worked for my Win XP VM. Hope this helps.

      • Hi Mark,

        thank you very much for your help!

        It’s working perfectly.

23. Thanks you. I was blocked for 1 month with this problem on my virtualbox in xp sp3. Now i can use pp2000 without problem. Thanks you so much.
    I m sorry for my english but i m french guy and i don t wrote for a long Times.

24. Hey I don’t have a file named autoexec.nt in my System32 Directory. What can i do? And I had also created the file autoexec.nt by myself (in a new notepad i had typed as lh SystemRoot%system32HIDE87.com) but the same error is showing for me. Please suggest some solution for this.

25. Thank you very much!
    works.

    • Works here in a virtual machine, runs windows 2000 PRO.
      Thank you!

26. Worked great on a Win 10 1909 non VM machine.

    Thank you!

27. It works. Thank you so much.

28. It worked on Win XP running in VB.

    Greetings from Argentina!

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